THE DILEMMA OF ADJUNCTS PROFESSORS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE DILEMMA OF ADJUNCTS PROFESSORS - Essay Example Hiram Henriquez, one of the few subordinate educators of the University of Miami, has referenced in a meeting that â€Å"The most significant thing is the compensation. Subordinate educators are offering a support that’s a very good quality assistance, and they are getting paid like they are beginning instructors, similar to me. This announcement is upheld by the information discharged by the American Association of University Professors, which says that subordinate educators just acquire a normal of $20,000 to $25,000 yearly contrasted with the $84,303 that is being paid to full-time teachers. This range is considered to have a place with the neediness wages and as a result of this the vast majority of the assistant teachers have the way of life of that having a place with the individuals beneath the destitution line in the United States. Numerous extra teachers are experiencing the colossal hole among them and full-time educators. Henriquez, regardless of completing Master of Fine Arts, has said that his pay in the college is 50 percent not as much as what he could have earned on the off chance that he was a full time educator less the medical advantages also. Victoria Baldassano, and subordinate teacher of the Montgomery College joked, â€Å"I don’t make considerably more than I would work at Starbucks.† (Steiger, standard. 2). The greater part of the assistant educators pick to get a second line of work so as to need to live through and to help their families. The administration of the schools and colleges who employ aide teachers obviously recognizes the way that these educators are getting not as much as what they are really going after as their compensations as a teacher, despite the fact that the activity appears to be a very good quality one, isn't sufficient to pay for their essential costs (Aronowitz, standard. 7). â€Å"Two classes here, two at FIU... It’s exceptionally harsh on the grounds that none of them are given advantages despite the fact that they are showing 6, 7, 8 classes each semester,† said Paul Driscoll, the bad habit dignitary of UM School of Communication. Sam Terilli, the division seat of UM, has evaluated the impacts of

Looking At The Social Work Profession Social Work Essay Essay Example

Taking a gander At The Social Work Profession Social Work Essay The cultural work calling advances cultural change, work goals in human connections and the approval and arrival of individuals to increase prosperity. Utilizing speculations of human conduct and cultural frameworks, cultural work intercedes at the focuses where individuals associate with their surroundings Principles of human rights and cultural justness are cardinal to cultural work IFSW ( 2010 ) The nation of moralss in cultural work is monstrous! Introducing numerous components we have to accept about points, for example, unique good convictions, human advancements and the individual s individual qualities, all of which can play a colossal bit. The general guidelines and moral intentions required in providing a strong assistance which causes little or no injury can as often as possible coincidentally do dilemma that can be harming to the first situation. We will compose a custom article test on Looking At The Social Work Profession Social Work Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Looking At The Social Work Profession Social Work Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Looking At The Social Work Profession Social Work Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Social specialists manage probably the most defenseless individuals in our general public now and again of most noteworthy accentuation. There can be sad impacts if things go erroneous. Social laborers oftentimes get terrible criticalness. What they do non obtain is twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours inclusion of the work they do to ensure and gracefully for probably the most helpless individuals in our general public Smith DOH ( 2002 ) Cited in Parker ( 2006 ) . Current cultural work esteems began to sprout in the eighteenth century when the Industrial Revolution began adjusting where and how individuals lived and functioned. The twentieth Century acquired rule law which permitted the territory to step in ; this prompted numerous in the middle of class individuals going progressively associated with occurrence work deliberate cultural work as it was so known. The British Government asked William Beveridge ( 1879 ) to deliver an investigation ( The Beveridge Report 1942 ) and soon after this, when Labor took power ( 1945 ) , the Welfare State was presented. The National Health Service was presented in 1948 which gave free clinical intercession to all. Destitution was perceived again in the 1960 s from a Marxist position trusting it to be basically caused, consequently propelling an interest for cultural adjustment. These positions other than impacted the social liberties movements, women's liberation, disablement rights and hostile to separation, taking to the developing of territory cultural work in the 1970 s. Biestek ( 1974 ) , Timms ( 1983 ) and Butrym ( 1976 ) , are perceived for their impact comparable to conventional qualities. Each built up a rundown of moral standards ( Appendix 1 ) and accepted their moral guidelines could be an utile apparatus inside any scene, cultural work notwithstanding. Assurance: respect for the customer ; self-government Non-judgemental non reprobating the customer. Parrott ( 2006 ) Utilizing values and moralss in the establishment of cultural work includes been cardinal inside its turn of events, the impacts and impacts of which the cultural specialist needs to take obligation for, and be aware of their activities as bit of their duty of consideration. Not making so may take to unintended impacts, and judgments they have been associated with may follow in the less great outcomes. Consideration and using expository apparatuses could turn out supportive, this will debate the cultural specialist on an individual degree as it might struggle with their own qualities and be truly harrowing. In any case, clinging to codifications of example and following the cardinal guidelines of cultural work the Social Worker can approve the administration client to do picks, some of which may non achieve the pined for result. Guaranting we design in an Anti-severe and Anti-Discriminative mode. AOP Considers the entire individual and empowers the cultural laborer to partner to serve client s cultural setting accepting individual, institutional, social A ; financial issues investigate how there influence individual s conduct A ; opportunities to create as an individual populating inside society. Dominelli ( 2002 ) The meaning of qualities blending to Dictionary of Social Work is a conviction that something is acceptable and attractive. It characterizes what is of import, advantageous and meriting trying for. Thompson A ; Pierson ( 1999 ) Social work is administered by its ain codifications of example, which are to support administration clients that come into contact with it. The codifications are a lot of guidelines that must be clung to so as to help the individuals who are popular of help. The Codes of Practice ( 2001 ) were composed by the General Social Care Council so as to better and balance cultural administrations. Inside the General Social Care Council Codes of Practice it expresses that cultural specialists must: Treat every person as a man ; Regard and where fitting, propelling the single positions and needs of both help clients and carers ; Bolster administration clients rights to order their lives and do educated picks about the administrations they get. By holding fast to the codifications of example cultural laborers ought to other than keep the conventional cultural work esteems. Leting cultural specialist to be perceptive of other distinctive social, auxiliary positions or cultural contrasts that impact society s esteems and moralss on the off chance that they are to abstain from doing errors of assessment . ( OLoughlin, M A ; S. ( 2008 ) The Code of Ethics territories that there are five cardinal principles that cultural laborers need to use as an example base. Human Dignity and Worth back uping the individual and their carer, dealing with them as people and tuning in to what their interests are, Social Justice guaranting that they get a simply administration by holding fast to AOP/ADP, Service to Humanity and Integrity by being straightforward with them about what they can foresee and Competence by guaranting that we as cultural laborers comprehend their requests and working with them to happen the most ideal arrangement. No other department considers the privileges of their administration clients as cultural work calling does. ( BASW.co.uk ) In Great Britain, directly, 1 of every 10 adults are casual carers ( Carers.org ) . We have to perceive the carer s experience and discernment sing the individual they care for, foregrounding what they may hold needed to offer up to gracefully the consideration required. These individuals can be together 24 hours a twenty-four hours seeing adjustments and modus operandis day by day. We as experts should regard their experience and work emphatically together to gracefully a superior nature of administration for all gatherings inside the consideration. The moral obligation of the practician whether an advocate, cultural specialist or a doctor to build up the trust among themselves and the customers. This will help to propel the connection between them ( Gillon 1992 ) . We should cooperate with carers when arranging, backing and providing back uping administrations, seeing the carer as a life partner who has more knowledge on the turn of events and issues so we would hold as experts, being adaptable and keeping up the carer educated regarding the assaults we are using and using their invaluable discernment and what can be extremely perplexing requests, mark posting help on the off chance that we can non offer an assistance. Carers spare this express an expected ?87 billion in consideration expense s ( Carers.org ) While we ought to approve carers and regard the occupation they do, we should perceive what they may hold surrendered and how this has made them experience. In my assessment this could hold a negative ramification for the carer, as it could take to changes in cultural standings monetarily and so on. We urge individuals to go carers however we do non, inside our advantages framework, do our carers feel esteemed. To gauge up for ?53.90 Carers Allowance you need to think about individual: Over 35 hours a hebdomad You can non acquire than ?100 for every hebdomad You can non dissect over 21 hours a hebdomad However we offer far not exactly the insignificant compensation ( ?5.80 per hr ) to a portion of our most esteemed citizenry. At negligible compensation 35 hours would be ?203 for every hebdomad. Beck and Beck-Gernsheim ( 1999 ) in Garrett ( 2003 ) discussed individualization , About an individualized society where we figure out how to gestate of ourselves as the rotate around which life spins In the occasion of a carer, it is every now and again saw that they are the outsider and should go alongside what is offered, rather than using their significant data and help which is equipped towards doing the two gatherings carries on a little simpler. This will affect everyone, the impeded individual will hold their requests met leting the carer to hold somewhat more clasp for their ain great being. Indeed, even down to relief consideration this will let the carer to hold a whole interference, returning increasingly arranged to bring through the endeavors before them, all things considered we should know when booking rest consideration that the carer should be associated with the arranging as they will cognize correctly what is required. By making this it other than permits the carer to encounter esteemed and ready to go on their interference feeling loose in the comprehension that their adored one requests are being meet. Thompson ( 2001 ) says that enemy of unfair example is, An assault to cultural work design which tries to chop down, sabotage or smother partiality and oppression, explicitly in footings of questioning sexism, bigotry, agism, and disablism aë†â ¦.and different signifiers of bias experienced in cultural work . We should ever deal with carers with respect, sense of pride and demo compassion for them as people admiting what they may ho

What is Big Data Understanding Large Amounts of Data

What is Big Data Understanding Large Amounts of Data © Shutterstock.com | Scott BedfordData is streaming from all aspects of our lives in unprecedented amounts; never before in the history of humanity has there been so much information being collected, studied and used daily. In this article, we discuss 1)   what is Big Data and what it does? 2) everything you need to know about big data, 3) industry uses of large amount of data, 4) challenges associated with large amount of data, 5) big data analytics versus warehousing, 6) consumers and large volumes of information, and 7) how to capitalize on Big Data.WHAT IS BIG DATA AND WHAT IT DOES?If there ever was a revolution in business, the large amount of information streaming in from our phones, computers, parking meters, buses, trains, and planes is truly it. Not only are businesses collecting large amounts of data, but they are also using this data to improve customers’ experiences and their business decisions and processes. If unconvinced about the power of this changing and expandin g mass data, one needs only to peruse the changing capacity of computers and the speed at which such changes occur, there is an upgrade every eighteen months. Though used in the past to analyze various aspects of public health and medicine, the information gained from the data streams is helping to make life on planet earth a lot better if not arguably simpler. So, what is Big Data and how we can use it for improving a companys performance? As mentioned in our Complete Guide about Big Data, the term Big Data is defined as Big Data is a term that refers to the data gathered by businesses and organizations, stored digitally. Gathering of information helps companies to achieve higher performance by:Faster problem-solving  With the improvements in computer algorithm and capacity, problems that used to take years to be solved are now being solved much faster. By being able to plug information into a computer with the capacity and set of rules needed for problem solving, a complicated an d expensive problem can be rectified within minutes, thus saving the company numerous dollars and man-hours.Generating new insights  There is a new wave of database links that make bridging the gap between certain disciplines easier. And so is the approach that helps incorporate visualization techniques into data collection and use. You see, before there was a strict dependence on human input for the recognition of patterns. However, the new data analytics tools that allow for the computers’ software to identify patterns is making the process faster and generating many new ideas through the knowledge received.Recommendation Engines  If you have ever been on a website or social media site like Amazon or Twitter respectively, you have seen the recommendations that have been offered based on your online behavior and choices. These are not generated by human effort, but instead by recommendation engines. Further than just tracking habits, the data collected have been used to make li nks that are not readily visible to the human eye. According to Harvardmagazine.com, one such example is of Target’s use of data collected on women purchasing unscented lotions to determine that they were probably pregnant and for this reason targeting pregnancy marketing to them. A human cashier would have missed the connection, even if she had served these women numerous times in the last few months.Improving lives  From the beginning data collection and the vast amounts of data were used to help to improve lives through medicine and health care predictions and innovations. Innovative practices such as the study of the billions of human genes to discover various disease traits and possible cures are only a few of the wonders that the correct use of this amazing amount of information can help us to perform.EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT BIG DATABig data factsAccording to a fascinating Slideshare presentation, every day we make more information than was ever created in all the days up until 2003. And that amount doubles every 1.2 years. While Google is busy processing over 3.5 billion searches every single day, companies like ATT, holder of the world’s largest volume of data in one database, are tasked with storage and use to improve our lives and experiences.[slideshare id=39489862doc=bigdata-25ntkfacts-140924143333-phpapp01]Big Data technologiesTraditional information technology infrastructures would be hard pressed to handle the large amounts of data streaming into companies daily. However, there are technologies suited to the management and storage of these voluminous amounts of information and using them to garner information, called analytics. Two major players in big data analytics are Apache Hadoop, the programming framework that runs applications on systems with many, as a matter of fact thousands of nodes (connection points) and MapReduce, a software framework that has a map function which distributes values to different nodes and a reduce fu nction that gathers the results into a single value.The Science of Managing big dataDigital data advances allows for data management and hence more knowledge and improved decision-making ability. Data science is the study and incorporation of business analysis, computer science, and mathematics among other subjects. It involves automated methods used to collect massive amounts of data and then taking knowledge from them to make new discoveries.Developments in large dataIn the beginning, the challenges of big data were simply how to collect and use it. Now there is more focus on how to extract useful information and gather powerful new insights. The increase in the amount of unstructured data and the need to store it all and have it processed created a problem for many businesses but also created the need for companies with their open source framework and knack for processing data on a larger scale.INDUSTRY USES OF LARGE AMOUNT OF DATABig Data application are already used in Marketin g, Sales and Recruiting departments of companies. According to Mongodb.com, big data databases help to save companies money, grow their revenue and help to achieve other company objectives.Construct new business applications  Through the collection of information on products, resources, and customers, companies have many real-time data values to use to optimize customer experience and package and use their resources successfully.Improve existing applications  The outdated and overwhelmed infrastructures of yesteryear can be replaced by less expensive hardware because the use of open source technology allows for more data to be stored in one place.Increase competitive advantage  One of the most telling traits of future business success is the ability to adapt to changes. And with the use and implementation of the knowledge gained from big data analytics, companies can adjust their practices, repurpose resources and reinvent themselves faster than their competition.Increase brand l oyalty  Probably the most important use of the large volume of information gathered and the knowledge extracted is the update speed. Consumers want answers and solutions, and they want them as fast as the speed of light. So in order to meet the rapidly changing demands of the customer, businesses, and all organizations must be able to update their information and respond to that which the customers requires quickly enough to keep them happy.CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH LARGE AMOUNT OF DATAWith the exponential growth of information being harvested, Information Technology leaders and Business Intelligence Executives face the challenges of managing amounts, the speed at which it comes in, gets processed and goes back out in the form of solutions.Volume Challenges  The amount of information that is streamed daily is tremendous and continues to be record breaking. Without the proper system to store, categorize and process these amounts of data, companies will be missing out on the insigh ts and information provided directly or indirectly by their customers. This means a company that has the needed data processing platform in place to quickly respond to their customer queries using the resulting analytics will outrank them.Velocity Challenges  The constant change in information and needs of the customer could mean there needs to be a structured record creation process that turns data into desired information that meets needs with speed and efficiency. Businesses need to be prepared to deal with this to have the edge that savvy consumers are attracted to or lose out on business.Variety Challenges  Variety is the spice of life but can be hell for the IT leaders trying to translate the humungous amounts and types of data daily. There is tubular data from databases, hierarchical data, structured and unstructured and even transactions all needing to be analyzed, categorized and correctly utilized by the company.Management Challenges  Because we are tracking and recordi ng basically everything that happens in the world, there could be problems of gathering and optimizing the use of the information gathered. And when one considers that the average amount of data collected by an average firm will grow by 50% in the coming year, of course it becomes apparent that there needs to be in place a very strategic data management process and initiative to lower inefficiencies. And this system has to be equipped with means of managing all varieties, volumes and speeds of data entering the company and be manned by a team of customer conscious information specialists and analysts to interpret the information that has been collected into dollars and sense.BIG DATA ANALYTICS VERSUS WAREHOUSINGMost people outline the distinguishing characteristics of analytics and warehousing using the three V’s. However, there are various other traits that can be looked at to understand the difference.One such trait is the time information process, also called time to informatio n trait. In traditional data warehouses, information is collected and stored and waits to be processed overnight, while modern day analytics perform tasks and have responses to queries in seconds.Another defining difference is the content processed by both traditional data warehouses and analytics platforms. The former platform is geared toward the performance of structured data while analytics can process data from unstructured sources like the Internet and mobile devices.Cost is another key component that distinguishes warehousing from analytics in that the overall cost to store and process complex data is much less now thanks to the performing qualities of open source, low cost platforms that can handle large data sets quickly and efficiently.CONSUMERS AND LARGE AMOUNT OF DATABusiness intelligence or the proper use of the copious amounts of data available does not just apply to firms and businesses. With everything categorized and readily available at their literal fingertips, co nsumers are benefiting from the advances in the information industry. Consumers now can use this information to help them make decisions on investment, health care, choosing companies to do business with among other things and all in real time. This streamlined system and way of living where a hop on a search engine can teach a person everything they need to know in no time, makes life more convenient and decision making a lot faster. Plus the ease of finding the necessary information allows the consumer to feel empowered and informed, which helps their process to be smoother and more defined.HOW TO CAPITALIZE ON BIG DATAThe first folks that come to mind when thinking of how to make money from these large amounts of information are stock market traders and investment specialists. Before big data analytics, the manual processing of all the documents needed to make great stock decisions was great and tedious. Banking associates, therefore, would simplify assumptions and use simplified files to process their work. This behavior would increase the risk of purchasing stock and make forecasts untrustworthy.Investment forecasting  Companies like Amazon Web Services use big data for investment forecasting through cloud servicing. And the available unstructured public information such as company news, reviews and price list is usually processed quickly and in large amounts, so forecasting becomes easier, faster and less risky.Manufacturing  An internal system created to use analytics to determine the cost of material at various times and determine the best time to purchase raw material helps these manufacturing industries to save on material costs. Through analyzing a combined database of suppliers, they had enough information to model all the suppliers and, therefore, save money.Human labor Assistance  Companies that combine data analytics with human labor and never underestimate the need for humans or overestimate the use of big data are clearly going to make the most. Despite the many advances in technology, human input is still necessary and vital so one should not overlook this key element.Understand big data limitations  Though it is great at processing copious amounts of information and turning it all into readable notes using its natural language processing ability, a company should not attempt to push beyond what it can truly do. Natural language processing is limited, because any form of artificial intelligence has only gone so far right now and in order to see advances in the company through use of these analytics, Information Technology specialists must respect the limitations that are set on big data processing and not depend on it for all their solutions. The managers need to ensure that this platform will indeed help the company profit long before deciding to invest in it.In conclusion, the large amounts of information that stream into our data storage and warehouses are great to help companies make decisions faster and with mo re knowledge and clarity. And may even help with forecasting and problem-solving and even turn out to be cheaper than the traditional methods used to collect, store and process the data for companies. In this century, we are exposed to more data than from the beginning of time and so there has been the need for systems like Apache Hadoop and MapReduce to help us traverse the confusing and sometimes overwhelming pools of information. But as great as the process and insights are that are provided by the analytics from the large amounts of information, there are limitations we must be aware of, to ensure our companies are profiting from the wave of knowledge. An article in Wired.com warned that if companies start too big and believe a big investment will yield a big return, they would end up losing money. The best approach the author cautions is to analyze whether a smaller budget will help the company achieve the intended effect on a smaller scale. Like anything else, careful research and planning will be necessary to implement the right data analytics software into your business.

Effects of Alcohol Abuse on the Human Body - 1919 Words

Introduction The effects of alcohol on the human body are well documented. Researchers have over time demonstrated that excessive consumption of alcohol, what is herein referred to as alcohol abuse, does adversely affect the human body. In this text, I define the term alcohol abuse and examine the effects excessive consumption of alcohol has on the human body. What is Alcohol Abuse? It is important to note from the onset that the term alcohol abuse does not have an assigned definition. While the same can loosely be translated as the excess consumption of any kind of alcoholic beverage, different jurisdictions tend to differ over what amount of alcohol should be regarded excess for different people. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - CDC (2012) defines moderate drinking as having up to 1 drink per day for women and up to 2 drinks per day for men. Anything above this limit can hence be considered heavy or excessive drinking. 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International Business- Global Chocolate Wars Between Mars...

Global Chocolate Wars between Mars and Ferrero In the field of internationalization of business, entrepreneurs are required to think globally and have an understanding of international culture. Entrepreneurs need the ability to understand different values, beliefs, behaviors and business strategies of different businesses within other countries in order to be successful in internationalization of business. Mars and Ferrero are two world-leading food manufacturers, especially confectionary products. This essay aims to analysis Mars and Ferrero in terms of internationalization and discuss some of the key success factors that has transformed both companies into a truly international group. Both companies have approached different strategies†¦show more content†¦Hence, a diversified business operation insulates business risk. However, despite both companies having a well-diversified product portfolio, one can observe that there are some differences between the two in terms of their products. As mentioned above, Mars has been extending their main product line – chocolate and introducing new product lines by penetrating into new industries (e.g. drinks, petcare, nutritious products). Moreover, Mars also penetrated into the chewing gum industry by acquiring Wrigley in 2008, one of the leading confectionery companies in the world with a wide product range. This acquisition, being one of the key success factors of Mars, strengthened and diversified Mars’ confectionery business, as well as increased its growth potential in the chocolate, non-chocolate confectionery and gum categories. Since Wrigley has worldwide presence, this acquisition enabled the company to expand its operations and increase its market presence. Furthermore, Wrigley’s leading position and strong brand portfolio enabled Mars to become one of the world’s leading chewing gum manufacturers. Ferrero, however, has been mainly focusing on extending their main product line – Chocolate and did not diversify their products in the same way as Mars did. Hence, based on these observations, one can deduce that Mars isShow MoreRelatedPorter’s Five Forces Model9308 Words   |  38 Pagesindicate which is the appropriate strategy in our case. In addition a wide range of tables, graphs and charts are included in order to support our thesis and indicate the existing data in relation to chocolate industry. History âž ¢ The first piece of information concerning the civilization of chocolate trees mentions that it begun during Magias’ civilization around 600 A.D. âž ¢ Atzekoi used the fruits of cacao, after the firstly rubbed them and transformed them into powder for the preparationRead MoreMunchee9057 Words   |  37 PagesTo : CEO From : Suject: Munchee IMC plan for South East Asia Date Brief background on CBL (Munchee) It was the visionary Mr Mineka Wickramasingha in 1960 who wanted to expand his family business from the chocolate market. It was at the same time that CARE looked at sources of nourishment for the poverty stricken. It was a substitute of a biscuit that Mr Wickramasinghe proposed looking to expand on those lines. At that time the market leaders were Maliban. They were the ones who wereRead MoreChocolate Industry8116 Words   |  33 PagesContents Titles 1. Introduction 2. Objective 3. Research Methodology 4. Chocolate Industry 5. Chocolate in a Bloom 6. Chocolate Industry in India 7. Major Players 8. Amul 9. Nestle 10. Cadbury 11. SWOT analysis of Cadbury 12. Market Segmentation 13. Psychographics and Demographics 14. Product Positioning 15. Product Market Boundary 16. Price Sensitivity 17. Consumer Buying Behaviour 14. Industry Structure and Dynamics 15. The Rural Conundrum 16. Key Success Factors 17. Product

School Of Business Studies Free Essays

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES| ABMF 3174 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Course/Group: DAC4| No. | Student Name| Student ID Number| 1. | YEOH JUEN LIN| 11ABD00859| 2. We will write a custom essay sample on School Of Business Studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now | WONG ZHI XIN | 11ABD05414| 3. | GARY TAN YOU HAO | 11ABD04240| 4. | CHIN GAI CHUN| 11ABD01649| | Lecturer: Ms LEE YEAN LEONG | Date of Submission: 2012 | 1(a) Ways to improve on deficit cash flow: i. Negotiate with the supplier for larger credit terms ii. Offer cash discount to customers for early payments iii. Firm can carry out cost cutting exercise to reduce overhead expenses Question 2 b) * internal rate of return (IRR) =A + [a/(a-b) x (B-A)] where * A = is the discount rate which provides the positive NPV * A =is the amount of the positive NPV * B =is the discount rate which provides the negative NPV * b =is the amount of the negative NPV internal rate of return (IRR) (machine 1) = 12% + 66934 /(66934 + 7716) x (20- 12) =19. 73% internal rate of return (IRR) (machine 2) = 12% + 43400 / (43400+ 38517) x (20-12) =16. 238% Machine M1 should be invested because it has higher NPV than machine M2 2(c) Difference between IRR and NPV * While NPV is expressed in terms of a value in units of a currency, IRR is a rate that is expressed in percentage which tells how much a company can expect to get in percentage terms from a project down the years. NPV takes into account additional wealth while IRR does not calculate additional wealth * If cash flows are changing, IRR method cannot be used while N PV can be used and hence it is preferred in such cases * While IRR gives same predictions, NPV method generates different results in cases where different discount rates are applicable. * NPV  is calculated in terms of currency while  IRR  is expressed in terms of the percentage return a firm expects the capital project to return; http://www. wikicfo. com/Wiki/Default. aspx? Page=NPV%20vs%20IRRNS=AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 viewed on 6th November 2012 http://www. differencebetween. com/difference-between-irr-and-npv/ viewed on 6th November 2012 (d) Based on our answers calculated in part (a), Machine 1 should be invested as it gives a larger profit than Machine 2 which is RM 66934. 3a) i) At reorder quality= 3000 units Total annual holding costs: Q/2 x Ch 3000/2 x 0. 2Ãâ€"30= 9000 Total annual ordering costs D/Q x Co (500Ãâ€"12)/3000xRM200=400 Purchase cost pxD Rm30x(500Ãâ€"12) =180000 Total annual inventory cost : RM189400 i) EOQ =(2xCoxD)Ch =2x200x(500Ãâ€"12)(0. 2Ãâ€"30) = 24000009000 =266. 67 units =267 units(rounded off) The EOQ of 267 units means that this is the economical quantity purchase since it minimizes the cost of ordering and holding inventory. iii) At EOQ : 266. 67 units Annual holding cost 266. 67units/2 x 0. 2 x 30 = RM800. 01 Ordering cost 6000/267. 66 x 200 = RM4483. 30 Purchase cost RM30 x (500Ãâ€"12) = RM 180000 Total annual inventory cost RM 185283. 31 iv) At reorder quantity of 3000 packets, the total annual inventory cost = RM 189400. At EOQ, total annual inventory cost = RM 185284. 14. If Wita Sdn. Bhd orders at economic order quantity, the cost savings= RM 4104. 60 b) With a discount of 5% and an order quantity of 3000 units costs are as follows: Purchases (180000Ãâ€"95%) 171000 Holding costs (3000/2Ãâ€"0. 2x30x95%) 8550 Ordering costs (6000/3000)x RM200 400 Total annual cost 179950 It is advised that Wita Sdn. Bhd should accept the discount given as it is cheaper. 3 (c) The 3 main stock costs are : 1) Holding Costs Holding costs also known as carrying costs will increase as the amount of stock held increases. The cost of holding cost include : * Finance cost , since capital is tied up in stocks * Warehouse and handling costs * Deterioration costs * Obsolescence cost * Insurance Costs * Pilferage costs 2) Ordering Costs There will be costs when placing orders with manufacturers. Such costs will include delivery costs, and also administrative costs involved in placing order (staff costs, telephone chargers). The more orders taken the higher the charges will be. 3) Shortage Costs It occurs when the firm runs out of stock. The cost is difficult to estimate but is an essential in stock control. These may include: * Loss of sale, and the consequent loss of contribution that would have been earned from that sale * Additional costs involved in making emergency orders for goods * The costs of lost production, when stock-outs occur and production lines grind to a halt. Staff will still have to be paid, even if they have no work to do. James C. Van Home, John M. Wachowicz Jr. ; 13th edition Sheridan Titman, J. Keown, John D. Martin ; 11th edition Brigham E. F and Houson J. F , 1st edition BPP Publishing Ltd. , December 2008 and June 2009 Question 4 a) Overcapitalization happens to a firm if its working capital is excessive for its needs. Excessive inventory, receivables and cash and very few payables will lead to a low return on investment, with a long term funds tied up in non-earning short term assets. By comparing the volume of sales as a multiple of the working capital investment with previous year or with similar companies, it should indicate whether the total volume of working capital is too high. b) Signs of overcapitalization * Current ratio greater than 2:1 * Quick ratio more than 1:1 * Inventory and receivables collection periods being too long could indicate that the volume of inventories or receivables is very high. * Short period of credit taken from suppliers might indicate the volume of payables is too low c) Overtrading occurs when a business is conducting its business operations with inadequate capital. It is also known as under-capitalization. When a business accepts work, and tries to fulfill it at a level that cannot be supported by its working capital or net current assets. It does not have enough cash and cannot obtain enough cash quickly. d) Symptoms of overtrading * Greatly increase in sales * Increase in receivable and longer time to pay * Taking longer credit from supplier because the business does not have the cash flows to pay sooner * Unusual inventory movement. Fall sharply in response to growing sales demand. * A falling of current ratio and quick ratio. Because increases in inventory and receivables are financed mainly by increases in trade payables and overdraft * A rise in bank overdraft e) Measures to reduce overtrading * Finance expansion with long term sources of fund * Better control of debtors, stocks and creditors to improve liquidity * Restrict company expansion or slow down the rate James C. Van Home, John M. Wachowicz Jr. ; 13th edition Sheridan Titman, J. Keown, John D. Martin ; 11th edition Brigham E. F and Houson J. F , 1st edition BPP Publishing Ltd. , December 2008 and June 2009 How to cite School Of Business Studies, Essay examples

With Love EP by Mya free essay sample

Longevity is a gift only a select few possess. RB songstress Mya, a 16 year veteran of the music business, has shown that shes got that. Usually moving from major to independent would mean the end of an artists career. But shes managed to not only make the best of being an indie artist but thrive as one. With two albums under her belt since this change in 2008, Mya looks well on her way to releasing her third. But first, shes released a new EP in honor of Valentines Day and the 1998 release of her debut single, Its All About Me. Entitled With Love, the EP takes on a more R sound than her last few releases (much to relief of her many early fans, Id think). With Love also showcases a mature and confident Mya telling her man what she wants in a dont ask questions manner. We will write a custom essay sample on With Love EP by Mya or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, steamy? Very much so. Space, the opener, is a bona fide throwback track. Modeling the sound of her 1998 debut, Mya, its 90s RB vibe, along with some modern touches, is absolutely infectious. Subject wise, the hook of the song sums it up: dont give me (space, space, space, space, space)/suffocate me with all your love/elevate me with just one touch. Do It embodies a modern take on hip hop soul, replacing the hip hop with its millennial subgenre, trap. The aggressive title serves its purpose, reminding the listener that shes not afraid to be racy with her descriptions. House Party, a pop-infused R piece, is the laidback cousin of both those tracks. It also solidifies its uniqueness by being slightly more subtle lyrically. Like a Woman is different as well, in stark contrast to be exact. Not only does it visit a vulnerable department of the love theme, it is performed unplugged (her only accompaniment is guitar). The acoustic approach gets Mya (as the British would say) top marks for what could be her strongest vocal performance yet. With Love is solid, refreshing, and exciting. If this four-track EP is a teaser of whats to come from her in 2014, Mya could be in for another successful year.

Back to the Playground †Theology Essay

Back to the Playground – Theology Essay Free Online Research Papers Back to the Playground Theology Essay I’m spending a lot more time at playgrounds lately. My grandchildren are coniseurs of playgrounds. When they come to visit, I usually ask them what they want to do. Invariably, they excitedly sing out, â€Å"Let’s go to the park!† Park to them means a playground. They can’t conceive of a park without a playground. I’ve learned some valuable lessons at the playground. On our last trip to a playground, two of my grandchildren came along. They had just put clean clothes on and it had rained during the night. So I was a little apprehensive about the puddles of water on the playground. It wasn’t long before I spotted Kaitlyn on the playground digging through the rocks and mud. Just before I was about to scold her for getting her clothes dirty, she came running toward me with an outstretched arm and a smile on her face. When she got to me she handed me a little heart-shaped rock and said, â€Å"Here PaPa! Here is a heart for you – just because I love you! Keep it!† With tears in my eyes, I thanked her. Did I scold her for getting her clothes muddy? What do you think? No way! And, yes, I still have that little heart-shaped rock given to me by my four-year-old granddaughter. It is one of the best gifts that I have ever received. I realized that many times we miss out on so much when we sweat the small stuff. We need to spend a lot more time at the playground. Jesus said, â€Å"Except you be converted and become as little children, you shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven. Whosoever, therefore, shall humble himself as this little child, the same is greatest in the kingdom of heaven† (Matthew 18:3-4). What are some things we can learn on the playground to help us live simple, stress free lives? First – SIMPLICITY enables us to relax and have peace. Jesus revealed that those who live in humility as a little child are the greatest in the kingdom of God. Children enjoy the simple things in life. We often take things too seriously. Prolonged seriousness will kill. It will kill your joy and, worse, it will kill your child-likeness. As adults, we tend to make things too complicated. When David was a shepherd boy, he dared to believe with childlike faith that God would deliver the giant Goliath into his hands. He spurned all of the body armor and weapons that King Saul gave him. Instead, he met the giant on the battlefield with his simple sling and five smooth stones. He figured it was simple – the giant was so big he couldn’t miss! Who won? That’s simple – God plus one is always the majority. (See I Samuel 17.) Second – SING. Sing a silly song sometimes. Children love to sing. The Bible says, â€Å"A merry heart doeth good like medicine† (Proverbs 17:2). (See Proverbs 15:13 and Ephesians 5:18-19.) Have you lost your song? Ask God to give you a new song to sing. (See Psalm 98:1.) Third – STAY LOOSE. Children are not normally uptight and worried about life. Ask yourself, â€Å"Will this matter a year from now?† I picked up a great little book the other day that had an intriguing title – Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff . . . and it’s all small stuff by Richard Carlson PhD. It is Dr Carlson’s premise that whenever we’re dealing with bad news or troublesome situations, most of us get into certain habits, ways of reacting to life that don’t serve us very well. We overreact, tend to blow things out of proportion, hold on too tightly, and focus on the negative. We live our life as if it was one huge emergency! Stay loose – don’t sweat the small stuff. (See Matthew 6:25-34.) Fourth – SHARE. Children usually love to share. Giving is fun and it doesn’t have to be expensive or elaborate. Have you ever seen the delight of two children sharing an ice cream cone or simply jumping through mud puddles or dancing in the rain? I saw a wonderful bumper sticker not too long ago. It said, â€Å"Practice Random Acts of Kindness and Senseless Acts of Beauty†. Practicing random or spontaneous acts of kindness is an effective way to get in touch with the joy of giving without expecting anything in return. It’s even more rewarding when you don’t let anyone know what you are doing. Remember that Jesus said, â€Å"It is more blessed to give than to receive†. Also, why not take time each day and think of someone to thank? Fifth – SPRITIUAL VITALITY brings everlasting and abundant life. Children are naturally attuned to the spiritual. Only as people grow older do they become hardened and insensitive to the spiritual. That’s why we need to go back to the playground and become as little children. Jesus warns us, â€Å"I assure you, unless you turn from your sins and become as little children, you will never get into the Kingdom of Heaven† (Matthew 18:3 NLT). Perhaps you need to sing that old children’s song again, â€Å"Jesus loves me this I know. For the Bible tells me so. Little ones to Him belong. They are weak, but He is strong. Yes, Jesus loves. Yes, Jesus loves me.† Do you need to go back to the playground of childlike simplicity and humility? In childlike faith ask Jesus Christ to come into your life. â€Å"For as many as received Him gave He power to become children of God even those who believed on His name† (John 1:12). Research Papers on Back to the Playground - Theology EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHip-Hop is ArtBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyLifes What IfsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Spring and AutumnAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Hockey Game

Educational Opportunities in the Everyday

Educational Opportunities in the Everyday Learning opportunities surround us every day, but we may miss them because the tasks seem so mundane. As you go about your daily activities, look for opportunities to capitalize on the educational moments in your everyday life. Grocery Shopping   It’s become something of a humorous homeschool stereotype that homeschooling families can turn a trip to the grocery store into a field trip, but the fact is there are many educational opportunities your kids can experience in the grocery store. You can: Learn to read a scale by weighing producePractice estimation and rounding by keeping a mental tally of the amount you’re spendingDiscuss a variety of measurements such as bushel, pounds, gallons, and pints.Practice percentages by figuring sale pricesLearn how to do comparison shopping using unit pricesDiscuss healthy eating habits Used Car Shopping The experience of purchasing a pre-owned car, while a  bit outside the ordinary, is an excellent opportunity for  real-life training skills. Some of the skills you can work on include: Learning what to look for in a used car, such as dependable reputation, safety, gas mileage, and vehicle historyHow to comparison shop and use tools such as Consumer Reports and Kelley Blue Book to gauge value and dependabilityHow interest rates and the age of the car affect the price - for example, we were better off purchasing a newer car through our credit union at just over 2% interest. Cars older than 10 years only qualified for a signature loan and those rates were 10% and higher.How to figure taxes on automobilesConsidering the cost of insurance when purchasing a car  - newer cars and sports cars will mean higher monthly premiumsLearning what’s involved in registering and titling a car Doctor and Dental Appointments If you’ve got to take time out of your busy schedule for appointments, you might as well make them educational. You might learn about: Preventative measures for disease controlProper oral and personal hygieneWhy doctors check your blood pressure and how it affects your overall healthHow dentists screen for diseases like oral cancerWhat causes cavities, illness, or infectionWhat is involved in becoming a doctor, dentist, nurse, or dental hygienist Ask questions  - especially if you’re at the dentist; it will give your dental hygienist something to talk about, rather than asking you questions that you can’t answer because her hands are in your mouth. Cooking Home ec is one subject that you never really have to go out of your way to teach. You may just need to be a bit more intentional about bringing your kids into the kitchen with you to help you prepare meals. As you do so, talk with them about: Food prep and safetyMeasurements such as cups, teaspoons, and tablespoons, along with common conversions for increasing or decreasing the number of servings in a recipeFollowing directions on a recipeHow to properly use cooking utensilsVarious cooking techniques such as baking, broiling, sautà ©ing and simmering You might want to include some specific recipes as you teach your kids about food, such as biscuits, cookies, a few family favorite main dishes and sides, and some desserts, but all of this can be accomplished in the regular day-to-day of your life. Random Educational Moments Don’t miss the random educational opportunities all around you. Look for opportunities to use daily activities that we may take for granted to put to practical use the abstract concepts your kids are learning in school. For example, say youve been getting price quotes to have a concrete pad poured (so youll have a place to park that used car you bought). Youll be able to talk about area and perimeter in concrete terms (pun intended!). You can also use real-world math to figure up how many bags of concrete needed and what the cost would be to do yourselves, along with comparing the cost, in both time and money, to hire someone to do the job. Use sales and dinners out (tipping your server)  to teach your kids simple ways to  quickly calculate  percentages in their heads. Ask your young children to choose a color and count all the cars of that color that they see as you’re driving down the road. Encourage your older kids to tally the variety of colors they see and create a graph to see which color is more popular. Learning opportunities are all around us if we just look for moments to capitalize on the educational in the everyday.

Latin history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Latin history - Essay Example While no underlining meta-narrative or explanation has been presented to account for the state of poverty in these regions, through the juxtaposition and comparison of these perspectives on urban poverty, shanty towns, and social violence, a pragmatic understanding of the issues affecting all societies and cultures is developed, ultimately promoting an empathetic understanding of the state of these marginalized poor. The film Bus 174 opens with an overhead shot of the Rio de Janeiro city landscape while voices from inhabitants leaving on the city streets are heard. The effect is very moving as the viewer begins to comprehend the expansive nature of the city and get a feel for the economic depravity facing many residents. The narrative voices explain how they are forced to beg for food, and attest to the difficulties of seeking shelter. They explicitly state that these issues are primary factors in their growing up enraged at the social order. The film consistently returns to the overhead shots of the city leading the viewer to consider the nature of the city landscape and the on-goings that are central to the film. The film is structured around a hostage situation perpetrated by a man named Sandro. The film reveals that it was the rampant crime in the city that led to Sandro’s mother being murdered when he was 6 years old, and ultimately leading to Sandro becoming a part of a street gang. The viewer becomes introduced to the depravity of Rio de Janeiro street life where large amounts of homeless children fend for their daily existence. In a sense, these inhabitants are presented almost like a scavenger or animal-like race that have been cast off from mainstream society. At one point during the film, a man states that if the police officers were aware that Sandro was a street kid they would have been more aware that he was

Choo Bee Metal Industries Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Choo Bee Metal Industries - Coursework Example The company registered a marginally lower profit before tax of RM5 million in 2010 compared to the figure of RM18 million in 2009. This decrease is attributed to the fall in steel prices and dampened business activities. Because of the slumping price situation, the Group also adjusted their inventory net realizable value by taking on a write down of RM10.2 million. The company earned revenues of RM221 million in 2010, which was 13% more than the prior year's results (RM196 million in 2009). The net income fell at from RM14 million in 2009 to RM5 million in 2010. The dividends per share (Sen) remained fixed at 4.50 while the earnings per share (Sen) decreased from 18.49 (2009) to 14.80 (2010). Since most companies in the supplies and fixtures areas of construction do not pay a dividend, the positive trend Choo Bee Metal Industries has shown in dividend payments, deserves a special mention.

Environmental attitude and environmental behaviour

Environmental attitude and environmental behaviour Hypothesis In existing literature, environmental attitude is commonly understood as a cognitive judgment towards the value of environmental protection. Contrasting results have been found between environmental attitude and behaviour. While some researchers have claimed a positive correlation between environmental attitude and environmental behaviour (Kotchen and Reiling, 2000), others have concluded that the relationship is either moderate or tenuous (Davis, 1995). The contradictory results in studies of the relationship between environmental attitude and behaviour suggest that further studies are needed to confirm the relationship between environmental attitude and behaviour. Thus, based on the view in majority of the literature reviewed, our hypothesis is: H1: Eco friendly attitude positively impacts eco friendly behaviour. Though it has been debated whether awareness affects attitude or attitude affects awareness. But it is important to note that after developing an attitude, the awareness in terms of recognizing and observing different things about the topic comes into picture. This is especially valid for a country like India where these things are increasingly gaining understanding. Let us understand the impact of attitude on awareness through this simple example. A student has a class on environmental issues. To be specific, the teacher discusses an example of how pesticides enter the human body through food consumption and organic foods can help in reducing these toxic levels and lead to a healthy living. The student develops a positive attitude towards organic foods because of this knowledge. This positive attitude will lead to him subconsciously noting organic foods when in the superstore. This is what awareness is. Eco friendly attitude has an impact on the level of environmental awareness. Thus, based on the literature, our hypothesis is: H2: A positive attitude towards the environment will positively impact the level of environmental awareness. Eco friendly behaviour is defined to the consumption of products that are beneficial to the environment (Mostafa, 2007). Past studies have examined what factors affect environmental behaviour in general (Johnson et al., 2004). According to these studies, environmental awareness can be an important factor towards determining eco friendly behaviour. (Chan, 2001). Thus, based on the literature, our hypothesis is: H3: Environmental awareness positively impacts eco friendly behaviour. In this study we intend to explore the relationship between eco friendly attitude and behaviour. It has been generally seen that though environmental attitude is fairly high now, eco friendly behaviour does not show such high levels. This has been referred to as the attitude behaviour gap. (Alwitt and Pitts, 1996). Many studies have been conducted to explore this gap and what variables can be used to explain this. Environmental awareness is one of those variables. (Chan, 2001) This study explores the concept of environmental awareness as a factor that mediates the impact of attitude on behaviour. Thus, based on the literature, our hypothesis is: H4:Environmental Awareness mediates the relationship between eco friendly attitude and eco friendly behaviour. Certain literary works have evidenced that women reported significantly more participation in general environmental behaviour and specific green consumption than men (Maineri, 1997). Certain sample studies of western countries have shown that females express more positive attitudes towards the environment than males do (Tikka, 2007). Additional evidence also provides that women report stronger environmental attitudes than men across age and across 14 countries (Argentina, Canada, Columbia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Spain, the United States and Venezuela) (Zelezny, 2000). A recent research conducted also claimed that female adolescent consumers scored significantly higher in environmental attitude (Lee, 2009). Equal numbers of males and females expressed a positive attitude towards organic foods according to study by (Dahm, Samonte and Shows, 2009). This finding varies somewhat from the literature, which identifies female s as being more aware and having stronger attitudes about organic foods. Thus, based on the literature, our hypothesis is: We have stated the hypothesis by breaking it into three sub-hypotheses. H5/A: The impact of eco friendly attitude on environmental awareness is more in case of Indian female consumers than their male counterparts. H5/B: The impact of environmental awareness on eco friendly behaviour is more in case of Indian female consumers than their male counterparts. H5/C: The impact of eco friendly attitude on eco friendly behaviour is more in case of Indian female consumers than their male counterparts. Research Design Methods Operationalization of Constructs and Variables The figure shows a diagrammatic representation of our research model. The definition of each of the constructs according to our interpretation is mentioned below. Eco-Friendly Attitude (EFA) Eco-friendly attitude (EFA) aims to measure the cognitive judgment of the respondent towards the value of environmental protection. It is the prerequisite to eco-friendly behavior (EFB). This is because the person should exhibit some environment friendly attitude before he takes definite steps towards improving the environment thus is considered as the independent construct in the model. Eco-Friendly Behavior (EFB) Eco-friendly behavior (EFB) measures respondents readiness to take specific actions for environmental protection. These include consumers willingness to buy organic products, products which are certified ‘environmentally-safe. High eco-friendly attitude may or may not lead to eco-friendly behavior and hence latter forms the dependent construct under study. Environmental Awareness (EA) Environmental awareness/consciousness (EA) measures the awareness level of the respondent about environment and current environmental problems. A person with high environmental awareness realizes that an effort is required, both at an individual level and organization level, to improve general environmental conditions. Gender The variable gender has been obviously taken into two categories male and female. Sample A sample of 180 students in the age group 20-30 years, doing a post graduate course in Business management or equivalent participated in a questionnaire which inquired about their attitude towards the environment, awareness and purchasing behavior regarding eco-friendly products. The sample consisted of 102 male and 78 female respondents. The questionnaire was administered through the Internet and responses were directly received. Measures The above mentioned constructs were measured by a five point Likert scale wherein respondents were asked to mark their responses from 1 (‘‘Strongly Disagree or ‘‘Not at all ) to 5 (‘‘Strong Agree or ‘‘definitely). Eco-friendly attitude (EFA): Respondents eco-friendly attitude was measured with a five-point Likert scale (1 indicates ‘‘Strongly Disagree 5 ‘‘Strong Agree) developed by Sweeney et al. (2001). The scale had 7 items. A sample item is ‘‘It is very important to raise environmental awareness among Indians. Eco-friendly behavior (EFB): Respondents eco-friendly behavior was measured with a five-point likert scale (1 indicates ‘‘Strongly Disagree 5 ‘‘Strong Agree) developed by Sweeney et al. (2001). The scale had 6 items. A sample item is ‘‘I often buy products which are labeled environmentally safe. Environmental awareness/consciousness (EA): Respondents environmental awareness was measured with a five-point Likert scale (1 indicates ‘‘Not at all 5 ‘‘definitely) developed by Vlosky et al. (1999). The scale had 5 items. A sample item is ‘‘I believe that environmental information on packaging is important. Gender was directly measured from a single question. The entire questionnaire is presented in Appendix A. Analysis We have first of all conducted a reliability test for each of the three scales. Then for the purpose of our mediation analysis we have used a four step method that was developed by Kenny et al. (1998) and Baron and Kenny (1986) for the purpose of mediation analysis. This consists of four steps. In the first step we have used Eco Friendly Attitude as the independent variable to predict the dependent variable Eco Friendly Behaviour using linear regression. In the second step we have used Eco Friendly Attitude as the independent variable and used it to regress Environmental Awareness. The third step comprises of regressing Eco Friendly Behaviour using Environmental Awareness as the predictor variable. The final step comprises of regressing Eco Friendly Behaviour using both Eco Friendly Attitude and Environmental Awareness to determine the mediating effect of Environmental Awareness. Results Reported in Table1 are the means, SD, correlations and internal consistency measure (Cronbachs ÃŽ ±). From the table we can clearly see that EA and EFB are very strongly correlated with each other. Even both of these are correlated with EFA but the extent of correlation of EFA is comparatively lower with EA and even lower with EFB hinting at a possible mediation of the EFA and EFB relation by EA. But a conclusive decision regarding the mediation can only be taken after we perform regression analysis for the same. Table 1: Means, SDs, correlations and Cronbachs ÃŽ ±. S. No. Variables Mean SD 1 2 3 Alpha (ÃŽ ±) 1 Eco Friendly Attitude 27.19 3.77 0.752 2 Environmental Awareness 19.52 3.7 0.606 0.797 3 Eco Friendly behaviour 18.89 4.47 0.457 0.738 0.847 Going forward, the regression analysis is presented in Table 2. In the first step we regress for EFB using EFA as a predictor or independent variable. The results show that the impact of EFA on EFB is significant (since p In the second step we regressed for EA using EFA as a predictor or independent variable. The results show that EFA significantly impacted EA (since p In the third step we regressed for EFB using the mediating variable EA as a predictor variable. The results again show a significant relation between the two which shows that the mediating variable here is significantly related to the criterion variable. Thus Hypothesis 3 is supported. In the final step we regressed for EFB using both EA and EFA as predictor variables to comment on mediation effect. EFA significantly affected EFB and EA as seen in step 1 and 2 but became non-significantly related to EFB in this step (p=0.795>>0.01). The same is emphasized by the fact that the significance of the impact of EA on EFB is still significant (p=0.000). Hence this shows complete mediation of the relation between EFA and EFB by EA. The mediation effect comes to 0.440 for EFA for its relationship with EFB. The Z-score using the Sobel calculator turns out to be 7.63 which is much greater than 1.96. Hence the mediation is significant at 1% level of significance (two-tailed). Hence hypothesis 4 is supported. Table 2: Regression Analysis Results for measuring the mediation effect. RÂ ² Unstandardized Î’ Standardized Î’ Significance Change in ÃŽ ² Step 1 0.209 0.542 0.457 0.000 Step 2 0.367 0.594 0.606 0.000 Step 3 0.545 0.893 0.738 0.000 Step 4 0.545 0.88 0.728 0.000 Step 4 0.545 0.02 0.017 0.795 0.44 Once the mediation analysis is completed we now move to analysis of another important part of our model which is moderation of the relationships between EFA, EA and EFB by gender. Table 3 shows the regression re-performed separately for the male and the female samples. The mediation analysis again is shown to be significant in both the cases taken separately as seen from the fact that the first three relations are significant and in the step 4, the relation between EA and EFB is still significant showing that full mediation exists. The mediation effect turns out to be 0.62 in case of females and 0.322 in case of males. The Z-score comes to 6.38 in case of females and 4.57 in case of males. This shows that the mediation is significant in both the cases. Table 3: Regression Analysis Results for measuring the mediation effect (Female/Male). RÂ ² Unstandardized ÃŽ ² Standardized Î’ Significance Change in ÃŽ ² Step 1 0.315/0.144 0.719/0.424 0.561/0.379 0.000/0.000 Step 2 0.519/0.262 0.839/0.427 0.720/0.512 0.000/0.000 Step 3 0.670/0.433 0.900/0.883 0.818/0.657 0.000/0.000 Step 4 0.671/0.435 0.947/0.844 0.861/0.628 0.000/0.000 Step 4 0.671/0.436 (-)0.076/0.064 (-)0.059/0.057 0.537/0.516 0.62/0.322 The standardized ÃŽ ² coefficient is shown for all the relationships in our model in the Figure 1 for both the male and the female set of respondents. The standardized coefficient clearly shows that for female respondents the impact of EFA on EFB is substantially higher than in the case of male respondents. The same is observed in case of the relationship between EFA and EA as well as between EA and EFB. Hence Hypothesis 5(a), 5(b) and 5(c) are supported. the Male/ Female set of respondents. Discussions and Implications The study conducted above analyzed the impact of Eco Friendly Attitude on Eco Friendly Behaviour and mediation of the relationship by Environmental Awareness in the context of the Indian youth studying in the post graduate schools of the country. Very little study, if any, has been conducted on this topic in the Indian Context so much so that only in 2009 has research started in Asia-Pacific by Kaman Lee (2009) on the same. This report provides a valuable insight into the topic for marketers as well as for future studies conducted in India. As can been seen from the analysis conducted above Eco Friendly Attitude seems to have a positive impact on Eco Friendly Behaviour which is consistent with the study conducted by Kotchen and Reiling (2000). This is very logical in the sense that people with a favourable attitude towards eco friendly products can be expected to have eco friendly behaviour even in spite of the extra price may be monetary or opportunistic that they have to pay for such behaviour. To have a better understanding of the topic we introduced Environmental Awareness as another construct and tried to find its role as a mediator. The first conclusion that came out of the same was that an Eco Friendly Attitude would imply a higher Environmental Awareness. This is in direct agreement to the study conducted by Mittal (1989). The logic behind the same is that an attitude would act as a motivation for them to learn more about these products hence increasing their awareness. The next conclusion that comes directly from the results is that Environmental Awareness leads to Eco Friendly Behaviour. This is again consistent with the study conducted by Chan (2001). This makes sense because people with more awareness about eco friendly products can be expected to have favourable purchasing behaviour towards the same. The results also establish the mediation of the relation between Eco Friendly Attitude and Eco Friendly Behaviour is being mediated by Environmental Awareness which is consistent with the studies conducted by Alwitt and Pitts (1996). This stresses on the importance of bringing about awareness about Eco Friendly Products among consumers. The conclusion that can be drawn here is that awareness about these products is more important than only an attitude towards the same. The results also show gender specific implications for each of these relationships. From the analysis for female consumers impact of attitude on behaviour seems to be higher which is in direct accordance with the study conducted by various authors like Maineri (1997) etc. mentioned in the literature review. The same is true to the other two relationships between Eco Friendly Attitude Environmental Awareness and between Environmental Awareness and Eco Friendly Behaviour. This makes sense because prominently household purchasing is done by females and hence there is a higher probability of attitude being converted to purchasing behaviour. Again females have been seen to exhibit more seriousness towards such issues as expressed in the literature review and hence the case. India is set to see a substantial increase in the market for eco friendly products. The study has great relevance for Indian marketers because this study emphasizes on the fact that awareness plays a key role in behaviour. This is a positive boost to the importance of environment awareness campaigns in bringing about eco friendly behaviour. This justifies the use of such campaigns in the drive for to create a host of environment friendly consumers. The fact that the impact of such awareness on behaviour is more in case of female consumers hints to the marketers about the possible benefit of targeting that segment of the consumers. The obvious conclusion from the above research is that the benefit from conversion of awareness and attitude to behaviour would be more in case of female consumers and marketing campaigns should be made to influence this particular market segment. Limitations, Scope for Future Research and Conclusion Firstly the primary data collection was done among a restricted age group (20-30 years) and hence the same cannot be generalized for all the other age groups. Similar studies need to be conducted among other age groups as well. Secondly the same is valid for the educational background. As for the purpose of this study we had only approached students from B-Schools or other equivalent post graduate schools. Hence this result cannot be generalized for other sections of the society. Thirdly there might be an influence of cultural behaviour on survey results as the same is restricted to Indian cities. Hence for generalizability of the results, future studies should take into account the cultural influence on different variables. Fourthly The media used for the dissemination of the questionnaire in our case is internet because of the scarcity of time. Hence this might have restricted a few of the respondents from our target group. A parallel on-paper questionnaire could have provided a more comprehensive sample from the target group. But for the restricted category of people from which our sample was taken and which forms a substantial market for eco friendly products the results hold true. Thus for this section Eco Friendly Attitude positively impacts Eco Friendly Behaviour and the same is moderated by Environmental Awareness. The impacts are much higher in female consumers compared to male consumers. Hence female consumers should ideally be the target of marketers to eco friendly products who try to drive in awareness about eco friendly products to people having positive attitude towards the same.

The replacement is stored

In compression, the algorithm looks for repeating patterns in the source alphabet and encodes these patters as new symbols in a translated alphabet.The new alphabet is composed of symbols that are longer (composed of more bits) than the symbols in the source alphabet. The compression arises when repeating patterns in the old alphabet are replaced by a single symbol in the new alphabet. The replacement is stored in a dictionary that contains all mappings of the old alphabet patterns into the new alphabet symbols.The decompression algorithm simply does the reverse process of the compression algorithm. The algorithm takes a look at the input stream in the new alphabet and looks up the dictionary for its corresponding pattern in the old alphabet.Unlike Huffman coding, LZW compression does not use probability analysis and computation on the source data, needing only to look at repeating patterns in the source alphabet. LZW works best on streams that contain multiple repeating patterns suc h as text files.Huffman coding on the other hand works best on streams where there is a disparity in relative frequencies between symbols. In LZW, a dictionary is used to map patterns in the old alphabet to symbols in the new alphabet, the dictionary being constructed from repeating patterns.In Huffman, symbol mappings are based on the frequencies of the symbols in the source alphabet. Additionally, the bit length of the new symbols in LZW is constant while the bit length for the new symbols in Huffman is variable, depending on the frequency of the source symbols.Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) and Wireless Sensor Networks are two similar kinds of wireless technology. A MANET is a self-configuring network the result being an arbitrary topology. There is no fixed infrastructure between the nodes and their only relationship to each other is their proximity to one another.However, that may not be true for sensor networks. Some sensor network protocols specify a specific topolog y. In the case of IEEE 802.15.4, it allows for two kinds of topologies, a ring topology and a peer to peer topology.Another difference is complexity. The nodes of sensor networks are generally much simpler than in MANETs. Sensor nodes typically include only a transceiver module for communication, a sensor and a microcontroller.This is because of the relatively simpler uses for the sensor such as data collection and gathering. In contrast, nodes of a MANET will generally be more complex, being made up of complete laptops, PDAs or other high level communication devices.A third difference is in the data rates. Sensor networks are generally low data rate systems while MANETs have higher data rates. Bit rates in MANETs like 802.11 are measured in Mbps while those in 802.15.4 and Zigbee are in kbps only. Fourth is power consumption, MANET nodes are designed to be mains powered or only to be reliant on batteries for a short amount of time (generally a few hours).On the other hand, sensor n etworks will generally use low power components to stretch the power of the battery for weeks or months on end. Lastly, in MANETs, nodes are envisioned to be constantly sending data to one another while in sensor networks, nodes are expected to be in a sleep or quiet mode for most of the time.This is due to the amount of data exchanged in MANETs compared to sensor networks which may only need to throw data to the server on specified times.If we take the example of the ZigBee sensor network protocol, we can see three layers from the OSI model at work in the ZigBee protocol. In the ZigBee protocol, its uses the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for the PHY and MAC portion of the DLL layer. The ZigBee specification on the other hand serves as the upper layers for the wireless sensor network.

The Foods Private Limited Is An Indian Based Rice...

Ferozepur Foods Private Limited is an Indian based rice manufacturing, exporting and trading company. It was founded by Mr. Brij Bhushan Mittal’s family in 1994 with a production capacity of 18 Metric ton per day which is now 200 Metric ton per day. Today the company accords ISO-9001-2008, HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points), GMP (Goods Manufacturing Practices) and many more. Today the company exports its manufactured rice to various countries like USA, UK, Dubai, Saudi Arabia, Italy and a lot more countries. With the increasing demand of rice from various countries the company is building up a new plant with a capacity of manufacturing 400 Metric Ton rice per day. Company’s Ability to compete on analytics Since the rice can be purchased in the months of October to December, that is for the time period of only 3 months and rice is to be stocked for the year all production the company analyzes its requirement in advance and stocks the rice for the complete year. They also check the efficiency and other handling costs before purchasing the rice from the farmers. The employees are doing everything efficiently to maintain the quality of the product and achieve the operational excellence. Company’s Pillars of Analytics Competition â€Å"Analytics can support any business process.† The company follows its own strategic policies which would support the company to grow. 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