THE DILEMMA OF ADJUNCTS PROFESSORS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE DILEMMA OF ADJUNCTS PROFESSORS - Essay Example Hiram Henriquez, one of the few subordinate educators of the University of Miami, has referenced in a meeting that â€Å"The most significant thing is the compensation. Subordinate educators are offering a support that’s a very good quality assistance, and they are getting paid like they are beginning instructors, similar to me. This announcement is upheld by the information discharged by the American Association of University Professors, which says that subordinate educators just acquire a normal of $20,000 to $25,000 yearly contrasted with the $84,303 that is being paid to full-time teachers. This range is considered to have a place with the neediness wages and as a result of this the vast majority of the assistant teachers have the way of life of that having a place with the individuals beneath the destitution line in the United States. Numerous extra teachers are experiencing the colossal hole among them and full-time educators. Henriquez, regardless of completing Master of Fine Arts, has said that his pay in the college is 50 percent not as much as what he could have earned on the off chance that he was a full time educator less the medical advantages also. Victoria Baldassano, and subordinate teacher of the Montgomery College joked, â€Å"I don’t make considerably more than I would work at Starbucks.† (Steiger, standard. 2). The greater part of the assistant educators pick to get a second line of work so as to need to live through and to help their families. The administration of the schools and colleges who employ aide teachers obviously recognizes the way that these educators are getting not as much as what they are really going after as their compensations as a teacher, despite the fact that the activity appears to be a very good quality one, isn't sufficient to pay for their essential costs (Aronowitz, standard. 7). â€Å"Two classes here, two at FIU... It’s exceptionally harsh on the grounds that none of them are given advantages despite the fact that they are showing 6, 7, 8 classes each semester,† said Paul Driscoll, the bad habit dignitary of UM School of Communication. Sam Terilli, the division seat of UM, has evaluated the impacts of

Looking At The Social Work Profession Social Work Essay Essay Example

Taking a gander At The Social Work Profession Social Work Essay The cultural work calling advances cultural change, work goals in human connections and the approval and arrival of individuals to increase prosperity. Utilizing speculations of human conduct and cultural frameworks, cultural work intercedes at the focuses where individuals associate with their surroundings Principles of human rights and cultural justness are cardinal to cultural work IFSW ( 2010 ) The nation of moralss in cultural work is monstrous! Introducing numerous components we have to accept about points, for example, unique good convictions, human advancements and the individual s individual qualities, all of which can play a colossal bit. The general guidelines and moral intentions required in providing a strong assistance which causes little or no injury can as often as possible coincidentally do dilemma that can be harming to the first situation. We will compose a custom article test on Looking At The Social Work Profession Social Work Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Looking At The Social Work Profession Social Work Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Looking At The Social Work Profession Social Work Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Social specialists manage probably the most defenseless individuals in our general public now and again of most noteworthy accentuation. There can be sad impacts if things go erroneous. Social laborers oftentimes get terrible criticalness. What they do non obtain is twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours inclusion of the work they do to ensure and gracefully for probably the most helpless individuals in our general public Smith DOH ( 2002 ) Cited in Parker ( 2006 ) . Current cultural work esteems began to sprout in the eighteenth century when the Industrial Revolution began adjusting where and how individuals lived and functioned. The twentieth Century acquired rule law which permitted the territory to step in ; this prompted numerous in the middle of class individuals going progressively associated with occurrence work deliberate cultural work as it was so known. The British Government asked William Beveridge ( 1879 ) to deliver an investigation ( The Beveridge Report 1942 ) and soon after this, when Labor took power ( 1945 ) , the Welfare State was presented. The National Health Service was presented in 1948 which gave free clinical intercession to all. Destitution was perceived again in the 1960 s from a Marxist position trusting it to be basically caused, consequently propelling an interest for cultural adjustment. These positions other than impacted the social liberties movements, women's liberation, disablement rights and hostile to separation, taking to the developing of territory cultural work in the 1970 s. Biestek ( 1974 ) , Timms ( 1983 ) and Butrym ( 1976 ) , are perceived for their impact comparable to conventional qualities. Each built up a rundown of moral standards ( Appendix 1 ) and accepted their moral guidelines could be an utile apparatus inside any scene, cultural work notwithstanding. Assurance: respect for the customer ; self-government Non-judgemental non reprobating the customer. Parrott ( 2006 ) Utilizing values and moralss in the establishment of cultural work includes been cardinal inside its turn of events, the impacts and impacts of which the cultural specialist needs to take obligation for, and be aware of their activities as bit of their duty of consideration. Not making so may take to unintended impacts, and judgments they have been associated with may follow in the less great outcomes. Consideration and using expository apparatuses could turn out supportive, this will debate the cultural specialist on an individual degree as it might struggle with their own qualities and be truly harrowing. In any case, clinging to codifications of example and following the cardinal guidelines of cultural work the Social Worker can approve the administration client to do picks, some of which may non achieve the pined for result. Guaranting we design in an Anti-severe and Anti-Discriminative mode. AOP Considers the entire individual and empowers the cultural laborer to partner to serve client s cultural setting accepting individual, institutional, social A ; financial issues investigate how there influence individual s conduct A ; opportunities to create as an individual populating inside society. Dominelli ( 2002 ) The meaning of qualities blending to Dictionary of Social Work is a conviction that something is acceptable and attractive. It characterizes what is of import, advantageous and meriting trying for. Thompson A ; Pierson ( 1999 ) Social work is administered by its ain codifications of example, which are to support administration clients that come into contact with it. The codifications are a lot of guidelines that must be clung to so as to help the individuals who are popular of help. The Codes of Practice ( 2001 ) were composed by the General Social Care Council so as to better and balance cultural administrations. Inside the General Social Care Council Codes of Practice it expresses that cultural specialists must: Treat every person as a man ; Regard and where fitting, propelling the single positions and needs of both help clients and carers ; Bolster administration clients rights to order their lives and do educated picks about the administrations they get. By holding fast to the codifications of example cultural laborers ought to other than keep the conventional cultural work esteems. Leting cultural specialist to be perceptive of other distinctive social, auxiliary positions or cultural contrasts that impact society s esteems and moralss on the off chance that they are to abstain from doing errors of assessment . ( OLoughlin, M A ; S. ( 2008 ) The Code of Ethics territories that there are five cardinal principles that cultural laborers need to use as an example base. Human Dignity and Worth back uping the individual and their carer, dealing with them as people and tuning in to what their interests are, Social Justice guaranting that they get a simply administration by holding fast to AOP/ADP, Service to Humanity and Integrity by being straightforward with them about what they can foresee and Competence by guaranting that we as cultural laborers comprehend their requests and working with them to happen the most ideal arrangement. No other department considers the privileges of their administration clients as cultural work calling does. ( BASW.co.uk ) In Great Britain, directly, 1 of every 10 adults are casual carers ( Carers.org ) . We have to perceive the carer s experience and discernment sing the individual they care for, foregrounding what they may hold needed to offer up to gracefully the consideration required. These individuals can be together 24 hours a twenty-four hours seeing adjustments and modus operandis day by day. We as experts should regard their experience and work emphatically together to gracefully a superior nature of administration for all gatherings inside the consideration. The moral obligation of the practician whether an advocate, cultural specialist or a doctor to build up the trust among themselves and the customers. This will help to propel the connection between them ( Gillon 1992 ) . We should cooperate with carers when arranging, backing and providing back uping administrations, seeing the carer as a life partner who has more knowledge on the turn of events and issues so we would hold as experts, being adaptable and keeping up the carer educated regarding the assaults we are using and using their invaluable discernment and what can be extremely perplexing requests, mark posting help on the off chance that we can non offer an assistance. Carers spare this express an expected ?87 billion in consideration expense s ( Carers.org ) While we ought to approve carers and regard the occupation they do, we should perceive what they may hold surrendered and how this has made them experience. In my assessment this could hold a negative ramification for the carer, as it could take to changes in cultural standings monetarily and so on. We urge individuals to go carers however we do non, inside our advantages framework, do our carers feel esteemed. To gauge up for ?53.90 Carers Allowance you need to think about individual: Over 35 hours a hebdomad You can non acquire than ?100 for every hebdomad You can non dissect over 21 hours a hebdomad However we offer far not exactly the insignificant compensation ( ?5.80 per hr ) to a portion of our most esteemed citizenry. At negligible compensation 35 hours would be ?203 for every hebdomad. Beck and Beck-Gernsheim ( 1999 ) in Garrett ( 2003 ) discussed individualization , About an individualized society where we figure out how to gestate of ourselves as the rotate around which life spins In the occasion of a carer, it is every now and again saw that they are the outsider and should go alongside what is offered, rather than using their significant data and help which is equipped towards doing the two gatherings carries on a little simpler. This will affect everyone, the impeded individual will hold their requests met leting the carer to hold somewhat more clasp for their ain great being. Indeed, even down to relief consideration this will let the carer to hold a whole interference, returning increasingly arranged to bring through the endeavors before them, all things considered we should know when booking rest consideration that the carer should be associated with the arranging as they will cognize correctly what is required. By making this it other than permits the carer to encounter esteemed and ready to go on their interference feeling loose in the comprehension that their adored one requests are being meet. Thompson ( 2001 ) says that enemy of unfair example is, An assault to cultural work design which tries to chop down, sabotage or smother partiality and oppression, explicitly in footings of questioning sexism, bigotry, agism, and disablism aë†â ¦.and different signifiers of bias experienced in cultural work . We should ever deal with carers with respect, sense of pride and demo compassion for them as people admiting what they may ho

What is Big Data Understanding Large Amounts of Data

What is Big Data Understanding Large Amounts of Data © Shutterstock.com | Scott BedfordData is streaming from all aspects of our lives in unprecedented amounts; never before in the history of humanity has there been so much information being collected, studied and used daily. In this article, we discuss 1)   what is Big Data and what it does? 2) everything you need to know about big data, 3) industry uses of large amount of data, 4) challenges associated with large amount of data, 5) big data analytics versus warehousing, 6) consumers and large volumes of information, and 7) how to capitalize on Big Data.WHAT IS BIG DATA AND WHAT IT DOES?If there ever was a revolution in business, the large amount of information streaming in from our phones, computers, parking meters, buses, trains, and planes is truly it. Not only are businesses collecting large amounts of data, but they are also using this data to improve customers’ experiences and their business decisions and processes. If unconvinced about the power of this changing and expandin g mass data, one needs only to peruse the changing capacity of computers and the speed at which such changes occur, there is an upgrade every eighteen months. Though used in the past to analyze various aspects of public health and medicine, the information gained from the data streams is helping to make life on planet earth a lot better if not arguably simpler. So, what is Big Data and how we can use it for improving a companys performance? As mentioned in our Complete Guide about Big Data, the term Big Data is defined as Big Data is a term that refers to the data gathered by businesses and organizations, stored digitally. Gathering of information helps companies to achieve higher performance by:Faster problem-solving  With the improvements in computer algorithm and capacity, problems that used to take years to be solved are now being solved much faster. By being able to plug information into a computer with the capacity and set of rules needed for problem solving, a complicated an d expensive problem can be rectified within minutes, thus saving the company numerous dollars and man-hours.Generating new insights  There is a new wave of database links that make bridging the gap between certain disciplines easier. And so is the approach that helps incorporate visualization techniques into data collection and use. You see, before there was a strict dependence on human input for the recognition of patterns. However, the new data analytics tools that allow for the computers’ software to identify patterns is making the process faster and generating many new ideas through the knowledge received.Recommendation Engines  If you have ever been on a website or social media site like Amazon or Twitter respectively, you have seen the recommendations that have been offered based on your online behavior and choices. These are not generated by human effort, but instead by recommendation engines. Further than just tracking habits, the data collected have been used to make li nks that are not readily visible to the human eye. According to Harvardmagazine.com, one such example is of Target’s use of data collected on women purchasing unscented lotions to determine that they were probably pregnant and for this reason targeting pregnancy marketing to them. A human cashier would have missed the connection, even if she had served these women numerous times in the last few months.Improving lives  From the beginning data collection and the vast amounts of data were used to help to improve lives through medicine and health care predictions and innovations. Innovative practices such as the study of the billions of human genes to discover various disease traits and possible cures are only a few of the wonders that the correct use of this amazing amount of information can help us to perform.EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT BIG DATABig data factsAccording to a fascinating Slideshare presentation, every day we make more information than was ever created in all the days up until 2003. And that amount doubles every 1.2 years. While Google is busy processing over 3.5 billion searches every single day, companies like ATT, holder of the world’s largest volume of data in one database, are tasked with storage and use to improve our lives and experiences.[slideshare id=39489862doc=bigdata-25ntkfacts-140924143333-phpapp01]Big Data technologiesTraditional information technology infrastructures would be hard pressed to handle the large amounts of data streaming into companies daily. However, there are technologies suited to the management and storage of these voluminous amounts of information and using them to garner information, called analytics. Two major players in big data analytics are Apache Hadoop, the programming framework that runs applications on systems with many, as a matter of fact thousands of nodes (connection points) and MapReduce, a software framework that has a map function which distributes values to different nodes and a reduce fu nction that gathers the results into a single value.The Science of Managing big dataDigital data advances allows for data management and hence more knowledge and improved decision-making ability. Data science is the study and incorporation of business analysis, computer science, and mathematics among other subjects. It involves automated methods used to collect massive amounts of data and then taking knowledge from them to make new discoveries.Developments in large dataIn the beginning, the challenges of big data were simply how to collect and use it. Now there is more focus on how to extract useful information and gather powerful new insights. The increase in the amount of unstructured data and the need to store it all and have it processed created a problem for many businesses but also created the need for companies with their open source framework and knack for processing data on a larger scale.INDUSTRY USES OF LARGE AMOUNT OF DATABig Data application are already used in Marketin g, Sales and Recruiting departments of companies. According to Mongodb.com, big data databases help to save companies money, grow their revenue and help to achieve other company objectives.Construct new business applications  Through the collection of information on products, resources, and customers, companies have many real-time data values to use to optimize customer experience and package and use their resources successfully.Improve existing applications  The outdated and overwhelmed infrastructures of yesteryear can be replaced by less expensive hardware because the use of open source technology allows for more data to be stored in one place.Increase competitive advantage  One of the most telling traits of future business success is the ability to adapt to changes. And with the use and implementation of the knowledge gained from big data analytics, companies can adjust their practices, repurpose resources and reinvent themselves faster than their competition.Increase brand l oyalty  Probably the most important use of the large volume of information gathered and the knowledge extracted is the update speed. Consumers want answers and solutions, and they want them as fast as the speed of light. So in order to meet the rapidly changing demands of the customer, businesses, and all organizations must be able to update their information and respond to that which the customers requires quickly enough to keep them happy.CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH LARGE AMOUNT OF DATAWith the exponential growth of information being harvested, Information Technology leaders and Business Intelligence Executives face the challenges of managing amounts, the speed at which it comes in, gets processed and goes back out in the form of solutions.Volume Challenges  The amount of information that is streamed daily is tremendous and continues to be record breaking. Without the proper system to store, categorize and process these amounts of data, companies will be missing out on the insigh ts and information provided directly or indirectly by their customers. This means a company that has the needed data processing platform in place to quickly respond to their customer queries using the resulting analytics will outrank them.Velocity Challenges  The constant change in information and needs of the customer could mean there needs to be a structured record creation process that turns data into desired information that meets needs with speed and efficiency. Businesses need to be prepared to deal with this to have the edge that savvy consumers are attracted to or lose out on business.Variety Challenges  Variety is the spice of life but can be hell for the IT leaders trying to translate the humungous amounts and types of data daily. There is tubular data from databases, hierarchical data, structured and unstructured and even transactions all needing to be analyzed, categorized and correctly utilized by the company.Management Challenges  Because we are tracking and recordi ng basically everything that happens in the world, there could be problems of gathering and optimizing the use of the information gathered. And when one considers that the average amount of data collected by an average firm will grow by 50% in the coming year, of course it becomes apparent that there needs to be in place a very strategic data management process and initiative to lower inefficiencies. And this system has to be equipped with means of managing all varieties, volumes and speeds of data entering the company and be manned by a team of customer conscious information specialists and analysts to interpret the information that has been collected into dollars and sense.BIG DATA ANALYTICS VERSUS WAREHOUSINGMost people outline the distinguishing characteristics of analytics and warehousing using the three V’s. However, there are various other traits that can be looked at to understand the difference.One such trait is the time information process, also called time to informatio n trait. In traditional data warehouses, information is collected and stored and waits to be processed overnight, while modern day analytics perform tasks and have responses to queries in seconds.Another defining difference is the content processed by both traditional data warehouses and analytics platforms. The former platform is geared toward the performance of structured data while analytics can process data from unstructured sources like the Internet and mobile devices.Cost is another key component that distinguishes warehousing from analytics in that the overall cost to store and process complex data is much less now thanks to the performing qualities of open source, low cost platforms that can handle large data sets quickly and efficiently.CONSUMERS AND LARGE AMOUNT OF DATABusiness intelligence or the proper use of the copious amounts of data available does not just apply to firms and businesses. With everything categorized and readily available at their literal fingertips, co nsumers are benefiting from the advances in the information industry. Consumers now can use this information to help them make decisions on investment, health care, choosing companies to do business with among other things and all in real time. This streamlined system and way of living where a hop on a search engine can teach a person everything they need to know in no time, makes life more convenient and decision making a lot faster. Plus the ease of finding the necessary information allows the consumer to feel empowered and informed, which helps their process to be smoother and more defined.HOW TO CAPITALIZE ON BIG DATAThe first folks that come to mind when thinking of how to make money from these large amounts of information are stock market traders and investment specialists. Before big data analytics, the manual processing of all the documents needed to make great stock decisions was great and tedious. Banking associates, therefore, would simplify assumptions and use simplified files to process their work. This behavior would increase the risk of purchasing stock and make forecasts untrustworthy.Investment forecasting  Companies like Amazon Web Services use big data for investment forecasting through cloud servicing. And the available unstructured public information such as company news, reviews and price list is usually processed quickly and in large amounts, so forecasting becomes easier, faster and less risky.Manufacturing  An internal system created to use analytics to determine the cost of material at various times and determine the best time to purchase raw material helps these manufacturing industries to save on material costs. Through analyzing a combined database of suppliers, they had enough information to model all the suppliers and, therefore, save money.Human labor Assistance  Companies that combine data analytics with human labor and never underestimate the need for humans or overestimate the use of big data are clearly going to make the most. Despite the many advances in technology, human input is still necessary and vital so one should not overlook this key element.Understand big data limitations  Though it is great at processing copious amounts of information and turning it all into readable notes using its natural language processing ability, a company should not attempt to push beyond what it can truly do. Natural language processing is limited, because any form of artificial intelligence has only gone so far right now and in order to see advances in the company through use of these analytics, Information Technology specialists must respect the limitations that are set on big data processing and not depend on it for all their solutions. The managers need to ensure that this platform will indeed help the company profit long before deciding to invest in it.In conclusion, the large amounts of information that stream into our data storage and warehouses are great to help companies make decisions faster and with mo re knowledge and clarity. And may even help with forecasting and problem-solving and even turn out to be cheaper than the traditional methods used to collect, store and process the data for companies. In this century, we are exposed to more data than from the beginning of time and so there has been the need for systems like Apache Hadoop and MapReduce to help us traverse the confusing and sometimes overwhelming pools of information. But as great as the process and insights are that are provided by the analytics from the large amounts of information, there are limitations we must be aware of, to ensure our companies are profiting from the wave of knowledge. An article in Wired.com warned that if companies start too big and believe a big investment will yield a big return, they would end up losing money. The best approach the author cautions is to analyze whether a smaller budget will help the company achieve the intended effect on a smaller scale. Like anything else, careful research and planning will be necessary to implement the right data analytics software into your business.

Effects of Alcohol Abuse on the Human Body - 1919 Words

Introduction The effects of alcohol on the human body are well documented. Researchers have over time demonstrated that excessive consumption of alcohol, what is herein referred to as alcohol abuse, does adversely affect the human body. In this text, I define the term alcohol abuse and examine the effects excessive consumption of alcohol has on the human body. What is Alcohol Abuse? It is important to note from the onset that the term alcohol abuse does not have an assigned definition. While the same can loosely be translated as the excess consumption of any kind of alcoholic beverage, different jurisdictions tend to differ over what amount of alcohol should be regarded excess for different people. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - CDC (2012) defines moderate drinking as having up to 1 drink per day for women and up to 2 drinks per day for men. Anything above this limit can hence be considered heavy or excessive drinking. 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International Business- Global Chocolate Wars Between Mars...

Global Chocolate Wars between Mars and Ferrero In the field of internationalization of business, entrepreneurs are required to think globally and have an understanding of international culture. Entrepreneurs need the ability to understand different values, beliefs, behaviors and business strategies of different businesses within other countries in order to be successful in internationalization of business. Mars and Ferrero are two world-leading food manufacturers, especially confectionary products. This essay aims to analysis Mars and Ferrero in terms of internationalization and discuss some of the key success factors that has transformed both companies into a truly international group. Both companies have approached different strategies†¦show more content†¦Hence, a diversified business operation insulates business risk. However, despite both companies having a well-diversified product portfolio, one can observe that there are some differences between the two in terms of their products. As mentioned above, Mars has been extending their main product line – chocolate and introducing new product lines by penetrating into new industries (e.g. drinks, petcare, nutritious products). Moreover, Mars also penetrated into the chewing gum industry by acquiring Wrigley in 2008, one of the leading confectionery companies in the world with a wide product range. This acquisition, being one of the key success factors of Mars, strengthened and diversified Mars’ confectionery business, as well as increased its growth potential in the chocolate, non-chocolate confectionery and gum categories. Since Wrigley has worldwide presence, this acquisition enabled the company to expand its operations and increase its market presence. Furthermore, Wrigley’s leading position and strong brand portfolio enabled Mars to become one of the world’s leading chewing gum manufacturers. Ferrero, however, has been mainly focusing on extending their main product line – Chocolate and did not diversify their products in the same way as Mars did. Hence, based on these observations, one can deduce that Mars isShow MoreRelatedPorter’s Five Forces Model9308 Words   |  38 Pagesindicate which is the appropriate strategy in our case. In addition a wide range of tables, graphs and charts are included in order to support our thesis and indicate the existing data in relation to chocolate industry. History âž ¢ The first piece of information concerning the civilization of chocolate trees mentions that it begun during Magias’ civilization around 600 A.D. âž ¢ Atzekoi used the fruits of cacao, after the firstly rubbed them and transformed them into powder for the preparationRead MoreMunchee9057 Words   |  37 PagesTo : CEO From : Suject: Munchee IMC plan for South East Asia Date Brief background on CBL (Munchee) It was the visionary Mr Mineka Wickramasingha in 1960 who wanted to expand his family business from the chocolate market. It was at the same time that CARE looked at sources of nourishment for the poverty stricken. It was a substitute of a biscuit that Mr Wickramasinghe proposed looking to expand on those lines. At that time the market leaders were Maliban. They were the ones who wereRead MoreChocolate Industry8116 Words   |  33 PagesContents Titles 1. Introduction 2. Objective 3. Research Methodology 4. Chocolate Industry 5. Chocolate in a Bloom 6. Chocolate Industry in India 7. Major Players 8. Amul 9. Nestle 10. Cadbury 11. SWOT analysis of Cadbury 12. Market Segmentation 13. Psychographics and Demographics 14. Product Positioning 15. Product Market Boundary 16. Price Sensitivity 17. Consumer Buying Behaviour 14. Industry Structure and Dynamics 15. The Rural Conundrum 16. Key Success Factors 17. Product

School Of Business Studies Free Essays

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES| ABMF 3174 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Course/Group: DAC4| No. | Student Name| Student ID Number| 1. | YEOH JUEN LIN| 11ABD00859| 2. We will write a custom essay sample on School Of Business Studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now | WONG ZHI XIN | 11ABD05414| 3. | GARY TAN YOU HAO | 11ABD04240| 4. | CHIN GAI CHUN| 11ABD01649| | Lecturer: Ms LEE YEAN LEONG | Date of Submission: 2012 | 1(a) Ways to improve on deficit cash flow: i. Negotiate with the supplier for larger credit terms ii. Offer cash discount to customers for early payments iii. Firm can carry out cost cutting exercise to reduce overhead expenses Question 2 b) * internal rate of return (IRR) =A + [a/(a-b) x (B-A)] where * A = is the discount rate which provides the positive NPV * A =is the amount of the positive NPV * B =is the discount rate which provides the negative NPV * b =is the amount of the negative NPV internal rate of return (IRR) (machine 1) = 12% + 66934 /(66934 + 7716) x (20- 12) =19. 73% internal rate of return (IRR) (machine 2) = 12% + 43400 / (43400+ 38517) x (20-12) =16. 238% Machine M1 should be invested because it has higher NPV than machine M2 2(c) Difference between IRR and NPV * While NPV is expressed in terms of a value in units of a currency, IRR is a rate that is expressed in percentage which tells how much a company can expect to get in percentage terms from a project down the years. NPV takes into account additional wealth while IRR does not calculate additional wealth * If cash flows are changing, IRR method cannot be used while N PV can be used and hence it is preferred in such cases * While IRR gives same predictions, NPV method generates different results in cases where different discount rates are applicable. * NPV  is calculated in terms of currency while  IRR  is expressed in terms of the percentage return a firm expects the capital project to return; http://www. wikicfo. com/Wiki/Default. aspx? Page=NPV%20vs%20IRRNS=AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 viewed on 6th November 2012 http://www. differencebetween. com/difference-between-irr-and-npv/ viewed on 6th November 2012 (d) Based on our answers calculated in part (a), Machine 1 should be invested as it gives a larger profit than Machine 2 which is RM 66934. 3a) i) At reorder quality= 3000 units Total annual holding costs: Q/2 x Ch 3000/2 x 0. 2Ãâ€"30= 9000 Total annual ordering costs D/Q x Co (500Ãâ€"12)/3000xRM200=400 Purchase cost pxD Rm30x(500Ãâ€"12) =180000 Total annual inventory cost : RM189400 i) EOQ =(2xCoxD)Ch =2x200x(500Ãâ€"12)(0. 2Ãâ€"30) = 24000009000 =266. 67 units =267 units(rounded off) The EOQ of 267 units means that this is the economical quantity purchase since it minimizes the cost of ordering and holding inventory. iii) At EOQ : 266. 67 units Annual holding cost 266. 67units/2 x 0. 2 x 30 = RM800. 01 Ordering cost 6000/267. 66 x 200 = RM4483. 30 Purchase cost RM30 x (500Ãâ€"12) = RM 180000 Total annual inventory cost RM 185283. 31 iv) At reorder quantity of 3000 packets, the total annual inventory cost = RM 189400. At EOQ, total annual inventory cost = RM 185284. 14. If Wita Sdn. Bhd orders at economic order quantity, the cost savings= RM 4104. 60 b) With a discount of 5% and an order quantity of 3000 units costs are as follows: Purchases (180000Ãâ€"95%) 171000 Holding costs (3000/2Ãâ€"0. 2x30x95%) 8550 Ordering costs (6000/3000)x RM200 400 Total annual cost 179950 It is advised that Wita Sdn. Bhd should accept the discount given as it is cheaper. 3 (c) The 3 main stock costs are : 1) Holding Costs Holding costs also known as carrying costs will increase as the amount of stock held increases. The cost of holding cost include : * Finance cost , since capital is tied up in stocks * Warehouse and handling costs * Deterioration costs * Obsolescence cost * Insurance Costs * Pilferage costs 2) Ordering Costs There will be costs when placing orders with manufacturers. Such costs will include delivery costs, and also administrative costs involved in placing order (staff costs, telephone chargers). The more orders taken the higher the charges will be. 3) Shortage Costs It occurs when the firm runs out of stock. The cost is difficult to estimate but is an essential in stock control. These may include: * Loss of sale, and the consequent loss of contribution that would have been earned from that sale * Additional costs involved in making emergency orders for goods * The costs of lost production, when stock-outs occur and production lines grind to a halt. Staff will still have to be paid, even if they have no work to do. James C. Van Home, John M. Wachowicz Jr. ; 13th edition Sheridan Titman, J. Keown, John D. Martin ; 11th edition Brigham E. F and Houson J. F , 1st edition BPP Publishing Ltd. , December 2008 and June 2009 Question 4 a) Overcapitalization happens to a firm if its working capital is excessive for its needs. Excessive inventory, receivables and cash and very few payables will lead to a low return on investment, with a long term funds tied up in non-earning short term assets. By comparing the volume of sales as a multiple of the working capital investment with previous year or with similar companies, it should indicate whether the total volume of working capital is too high. b) Signs of overcapitalization * Current ratio greater than 2:1 * Quick ratio more than 1:1 * Inventory and receivables collection periods being too long could indicate that the volume of inventories or receivables is very high. * Short period of credit taken from suppliers might indicate the volume of payables is too low c) Overtrading occurs when a business is conducting its business operations with inadequate capital. It is also known as under-capitalization. When a business accepts work, and tries to fulfill it at a level that cannot be supported by its working capital or net current assets. It does not have enough cash and cannot obtain enough cash quickly. d) Symptoms of overtrading * Greatly increase in sales * Increase in receivable and longer time to pay * Taking longer credit from supplier because the business does not have the cash flows to pay sooner * Unusual inventory movement. Fall sharply in response to growing sales demand. * A falling of current ratio and quick ratio. Because increases in inventory and receivables are financed mainly by increases in trade payables and overdraft * A rise in bank overdraft e) Measures to reduce overtrading * Finance expansion with long term sources of fund * Better control of debtors, stocks and creditors to improve liquidity * Restrict company expansion or slow down the rate James C. Van Home, John M. Wachowicz Jr. ; 13th edition Sheridan Titman, J. Keown, John D. Martin ; 11th edition Brigham E. F and Houson J. F , 1st edition BPP Publishing Ltd. , December 2008 and June 2009 How to cite School Of Business Studies, Essay examples

With Love EP by Mya free essay sample

Longevity is a gift only a select few possess. RB songstress Mya, a 16 year veteran of the music business, has shown that shes got that. Usually moving from major to independent would mean the end of an artists career. But shes managed to not only make the best of being an indie artist but thrive as one. With two albums under her belt since this change in 2008, Mya looks well on her way to releasing her third. But first, shes released a new EP in honor of Valentines Day and the 1998 release of her debut single, Its All About Me. Entitled With Love, the EP takes on a more R sound than her last few releases (much to relief of her many early fans, Id think). With Love also showcases a mature and confident Mya telling her man what she wants in a dont ask questions manner. We will write a custom essay sample on With Love EP by Mya or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, steamy? Very much so. Space, the opener, is a bona fide throwback track. Modeling the sound of her 1998 debut, Mya, its 90s RB vibe, along with some modern touches, is absolutely infectious. Subject wise, the hook of the song sums it up: dont give me (space, space, space, space, space)/suffocate me with all your love/elevate me with just one touch. Do It embodies a modern take on hip hop soul, replacing the hip hop with its millennial subgenre, trap. The aggressive title serves its purpose, reminding the listener that shes not afraid to be racy with her descriptions. House Party, a pop-infused R piece, is the laidback cousin of both those tracks. It also solidifies its uniqueness by being slightly more subtle lyrically. Like a Woman is different as well, in stark contrast to be exact. Not only does it visit a vulnerable department of the love theme, it is performed unplugged (her only accompaniment is guitar). The acoustic approach gets Mya (as the British would say) top marks for what could be her strongest vocal performance yet. With Love is solid, refreshing, and exciting. If this four-track EP is a teaser of whats to come from her in 2014, Mya could be in for another successful year.